Development and physicochemical analysis of compost and vermicompost from floral waste

Several scientific reports highlight that compost and vermicompost are superior alternatives to chemical fertilizers, offering numerous benefits for plant growth. Rich in essential nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, these organic amendments support the normal physiological functions of plants. Earthworms, often called "farmers' friends," have a long-standing role in the breakdown of organic waste, effectively breaking down complex materials like floral waste, plant debris, and livestock dung into simpler, more beneficial substances. This natural process enhances soil fertility and enriches it with micronutrients. In this study, floral waste was mingled with cow dung in different proportions for composting, while Eisenia fetida was applied for vermicomposting. After 70 days, both compost and vermicompost of excellent quality were produced. Physical and biochemical analyses indicated significant increases in total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium levels in the final products. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating floral waste and cow dung in sustainable waste management practices while contributing to soil health and agricultural productivity. Moreover, this approach addresses waste disposal challenges and fosters the circular economy by providing nutrient-rich organic fertilizers.