The effectiveness of Ocimum sanctum extract application as an antimicrobial in the supportive therapy of periodontal disease

Periodontal disease is a periodontal tissue disease, including gingivitis to periodontitis in the oral cavity. Gingivitis is a reversible inflammatory condition of accumulation bacteria in the oral cavity with clinical signs, redness, swelling, and bleeding. Gingivitis not treated causes periodontitis and decreases bone density. According to Kemenkes (2018) prevalence of gingivitis in Indonesia 96.58% and Riskesdas (2018), prevalence of periodontitis 67.8%. The current supportive treatment for periodontal disease is chlorhexidine mouthwash. Chlorhexidine has side effects of teeth brown staining and burning sensation in the oral cavity. Therefore, an innovative approach using herbal plants with minimal side effects for application of Ocimum sanctum extract as a supportive therapy in periodontal disease.

To determine the effectiveness application of Ocimum sanctum extract as an antimicrobial supportive therapy in periodontal disease.

Chlorhexidine mouthwash is the gold standard for periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine acts as an antiseptic that inhibits the accumulation of dental plaque and broad spectrum, because it is bacteriostatic and bactericidal. Ocimum sanctum (kemangi) is a herbal plant in Asia and has five active components, eugenol, caryophyllene, germacrene-A, clemence and caryophyllene-oxide. In periodontal tissues, these substances have an antibacterial effect. Ocimum sanctum's immunomodulatory properties boost the response of the host to infection by raising interferon, IL-4, and T-helper cell levels. The antimicrobial plays a role in the early stages and progression of many periodontal illnesses in periodontal infections such Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Application of Ocimum sanctum extract is effective as an antimicrobial supportive therapy in periodontal disease.