Comparative Histochemical Analysis of the Aerial Parts of Fragaria viridis and Fragaria vesca (Rosaceae) Growing in the Central Kazakhstan Region

Histochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants and Raw Materials is a method aimed at studying the localization of chemical substances and their metabolic products in plant tissues. This article presents the results of the histochemical analysis of the leaves and petioles of “Fragaria viridis” and “Fragaria vesca”. The genus “Fragaria” belongs to the Rosaceae family, and includes several species known for their high content of biologically active compounds, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and lipids. These substances contribute to the medicinal properties of strawberries, making them valuable both in traditional medicine and modern pharmacology. Objective: To determine the characteristics of the localization of specific groups of secondary metabolites in the aerial parts of “Fragaria viridis” and “Fragaria vesca” growing in the Central Kazakhstan region at the microscopic level. Materials and Methods: Transverse sections of the leaves and petioles of F. viridis and F. vesca were fixed in Strauss-Fleming solution, after which histochemical reactions were performed to determine the location and identify essentialoils, phenolic acids, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. The study of microscopic features and histochemical tests was conducted according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan using a Biomed-4 light microscope.