Microscopic Analysis of the Aerial Parts of Potentilla bifurca L. Growing in Central Kazakhstan

This study presents the results of a detailed microscopic analysis of the aerial parts of Potentilla bifurca L., collected in June 2022 and 2024 from the Karkaraly Mountains (Karkaraly district, Karaganda region). The materials studied included leaves, inflorescences, and stems, which underwent thorough investigation using an Altami scanning microscope equipped with a digital camera (3.1 MP) at magnifications of 16×4 and 16×10. The analysis provided comprehensive insights into the anatomical structure of the plant, allowing for the identification of several key distinguishing features. During the microscopic examination, we identified the shape of epidermal cells on the leaves and flower petals, as well as the presence of both unicellular and multicellular trichomes on the stems, leaves, and peduncles. The form and arrangement of calcium oxalate druses in the leaf cells were also observed, providing additional structural details. Furthermore, an anomocytic stomatal complex was documented, which is a typical feature of this species. Special attention was given to the stem structure, where the complete absence of cambium was noted, marking it as an important anatomical diagnostic feature. Histochemical analysis of the aerial parts of the plant confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoid groups in the aerial parts of the plant. The results of this study suggest that the identified microscopic features of Potentilla bifurca L. are not only consistent but also reliable for the accurate identification of this plant material, supporting its potential use in further pharmacological and botanical research.