Molecular Profiling of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Mutations in Gliomas: Insights from a Tertiary Referral Center in Indonesia

Gliomas are among the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors, with prognosis influenced by histological grade and molecular characteristics. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, particularly in IDH1 and IDH2, are critical biomarkers providing valuable prognostic and therapeutic insights. However, local data on glioma molecular profiles in Indonesia remain limited. This study aims to profile IDH mutation status in glioma patients treated at RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, from 2018 to 2024, and to examine its correlation with demographic characteristics, tumor histology, and WHO grading. A descriptive observational study was conducted, analyzing 31 glioma patients. Retrospective data on age, sex, tumor type, IDH status, and WHO grading were collected from medical records. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine the prevalence and distribution of IDH mutations. The cohort included 16 females (52%) and 15 males (48%), with a mean age of 52.35 years. Glioblastoma was the most common tumor type (65%), followed by astrocytoma (35%). IDH mutations were identified in 16% of cases, while 58% were IDH wild-type, linked to more aggressive behavior. Non-specific IDH status was found in 26% of patients. Most tumors (52%) were WHO Grade IV. This study underscores the critical role of IDH mutations in glioma classification and management. Molecular profiling enhances diagnostic precision and guides personalized treatment strategies. Integrating molecular diagnostics into routine practice is vital for advancing precision oncology, particularly in resource-limited settings. Future research should focus on expanding molecular testing and exploring innovative therapies to improve patient outcomes.