The Effectiveness and Safety of Nifedipine and Magnesium Sulfate Combination in Managing Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific complication characterized by vasospasm and endothelial damage, which can lead to maternal and fetal mortality. PE occurs before 34 weeks of gestation. One therapeutic approach involves the combination of nifedipine and magnesium sulfate, yet studies on its effectiveness and safety remain limited. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of combining nifedipine and magnesium sulfate to lower blood pressure and prevent complications in patients with PE. It follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, with the research protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024453927). A systematic review was conducted, analyzing experimental and observational clinical studies on this combination in preeclamptic pregnant women. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed and Embase on August 14, 2023, identified 874 articles, of which 18 (13 observational, 5 experimental) met the eligibility criteria for data analysis. Findings indicate that the combination effectively controls blood pressure and reduces the incidence of seizures, edema, and proteinuria. However, potential adverse effects include acute hypotension and neuromuscular blockade, which may lead to muscle paralysis. While nifedipine and magnesium sulfate may serve as a beneficial therapeutic option for preeclampsia, cautious use and close monitoring are essential. Further research is needed to confirm their long-term safety and efficacy.