Formulation and Evaluation of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Parsley Leaves as Liposomes: In vitro and In silico Activity against Malassezia furfur

Malassezia furfur is a species of fungus lipophilic fungus, dimorphic, and resembles yeast, which is found on human skin as a pathogen opportunistic, causing diseases such as dandruff, panau (pityriasis versicolar), seborrheic dermatitis. Liposomes are spherical vesicles that serve as carriers for drugs and contrast agents. Liposomes can also be used in skin care products, such as retinol liposome, which functions to deliver retinol to the deeper layers of the skin epidermis. The purpose of this study was to obtain a liposome preparation from the ethyl acetate fraction that meets the preparation characterization test, produce a liposome preparation that provides activity on the Malassezia furfur fungus invitro, obtain compounds in the fraction that have the best interaction with the Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase enzyme with the in silico method. In this study the sample used was parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum Mill). The samples were extracted using maceration process and continued with multistage fractionation using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. The ethyl acetate fraction was formulated into liposomes by conducting liposome quality tests (organoleptic, sorption efficiency, pH, spreadability, viscosity, particle size and release). Invitro activity testing was carried out using the liposome formula that had been made and insilico testing was carried out using compounds from the ethyl acetate fraction against Lanosterol 14α-demethylase. The weight of dry simplisia obtained is 1.1kg. From the maceration results, the extract weight was 274.52 with a percent yield of 24%. The weight of the ethyl acetate fraction was 76.7 g. Four formulas were obtained from running results using factorial design. Liposome formula has a distinctive aroma of parsley, brownish yellow in color and slightly viscous. In the test of absorption efficiency, the formula that has the best %EE starts from F1 94.106±2.61, F2 92.609±2.04, F3 91.611±7.17 and F4 with a value of 84.567±3.25. The pH, spreadability and viscosity tests on the four preparations met the standards until the end of the test. In the particle size test, F1 251.6±18.7nm, F2 287.96±5.27, F3 297.23±4.45 and F4 306.96±2.27. The release test showed that the steady state condition gave high flux values in F3 7.385°0.063, F1 5.778°0.030, F4 3.670°0.057 and F2 of 2.776°0.034(mcg/cm² /min). Antifungal activity testing was seen in F1 with an inhibition zone diameter of 7.22±1.17mm and in insilico simulation from the interaction analysis results obtained that the affinity value of aviprin -8.2kcal/mol and -7.4kcal/mol. The conclusion of this study is that the ethyl acetate fraction of parsley leaves is stable and meets the quality requirements of liposomes and has inhibitory activity and also has good affinity for receptors. In further research, it is hoped that this liposome formula can be developed into other preparations and proven its inhibitory activity on bacteria.