1Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
2Department of Food Nanotechnology, Politeknik AKA Bogor, Bogor, West Java, 16154, Indonesia
3Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovatioan Agency-BRIN, Kawasan Puspiptek, Tangerang, Selatan, 15134, Indonesia
4Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila, Jakarta, Selatan, 12640, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author E-mail: berna.elya@farmasi.ui.ac.id
Online Published on 15 May, 2025.
Rhinachantus nasutus (L.) Kurz (Rnz) is a plant that has the potential to be an antioxidant as well as an anti-diabetic medication. Traditional medicine has used preparations made from the roots, stems, and leaves of Rnz to treat diabetes.
This study aimed determine the antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential of Rnz leaf extract by inhibiting the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).
Rnz leaf samples were extracted using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE). Following that, the antioxidant capacity was determined by trapping 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP), and its potential as an antidiabetic was determined by inhibiting DPP IV activity.
The extraction yield of ethanol from Rkz leaves using the UAE method was 8.36%. The IC50 and EC50 values for the antioxidant capacity determined using the DPPH and FRAP methods were 97.34 ± 0.07 mg/L and 8.69 ± 0.02 mg/L, respectively. In addition, ethanolic leaf extract has potential as an antidiabetic through the mechanism of inhibition of DPP IV activity with an inhibition value of 43.05 ± 1.2%. The determination of compounds in the ethanolic extract of Rnz leaves using UHPLC-MS/MS QToF succeeded in identifying 65 compounds, with several compounds reported to be active as antidiabetic. These compounds are 1,3,7-trihidroxy-6-methoxy-4,5-diisoprenylxanthone (9), palmitic acid (10), 3,5-di(ethylthio)isothiazole-4-carboxaide (12), 4,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isochromen-1-one (15), glaucine (20), 5-isopropyl-3,8-dimethylazulene-1-carbaldehhyde 1-(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazone (21), 2,5-anhydro-6-[(2-chloro-5-ethoxybenzoyl)amino]-4,6-dideoxy-4-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)-D-galactitol (27), 2-(4-methylphenyl)-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine (30), 1-palmitoylglycerol (32), (2S)-2-({1-[(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]indazole-3-carbonyl)amino)-3-methylbutanoic acid (43), and ethyl 2-[(6-oxo-6H-benzo[c]chromen-3-yl)oxy]acetate (45).
The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Rnz from the UAE has the potential as a source of antioxidants and antidiabetics.
Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV, Rhinachantus nasutus, UHPLC-MS/MS QToF
