The α-Mangostin and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Catalysts of Bone Growth Factors Regeneration in Alveolar Bone After Orthodontic Retraction

Orthodontic retraction involves moving teeth and significantly impacts the alveolar bone that supports the teeth. VEGF, ALP, MMP-8 proteins, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts indicate bone remodeling during this process. The α-mangostin combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy enhanced bone repair after orthodontic retraction. The study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of α-mangostin and hyperbaric oxygen therapy on protein regeneration in alveolar bone after orthodontic retraction, examining VEGF, FGF-2, ALP, MMP-8, and osteoblast cell and osteoclast expression in Rattus novergicus mouse models. A total of 25 animal models performed short retraction of the elastomeric chain (orthodontics). Animals were treated for 28 days, then protein expression was examined with immunohistochemistry, and an assessment of osteoblast cells and osteoclasts was performed using staining H and E. Image reading was done with microscopy at 400x. The α-mangosteen group and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (T3) showed the highest increase in VEGF expression (33.52±1.42), the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (T2) showed increased expression of FGF-2 (31.44±1.01) and ALP (32.35±0.70). While the α-mangostin group (26.33±14.77)/T1 and combined α-mangostin with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (25.73±14.41)/T3 had a better ability to maintain the balance of MMP-8 expression, osteoblast cells, and osteoclasts. α-mangostin therapy or combination with hyperbaric oxygen therapy showed a positive effect on the expression of several essential proteins in the regeneration of alveolar bone after orthodontic retraction, which is characterized by the presence of a balance in cell numbers osteoblast cells and osteoclasts.