Preparation, characterization and Ex vivo evaluation of Trigonellafoenum-gracium seeds extract-loaded transferosomal gel for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent joint inflammation, leading to severe disability and increased mortality rates. Fenugreek, known for its anti-arthritic effects, demonstrates promise in retarding RA onset and progression. However, challenges like poor bioavailability and limited target specificity hinder its therapeutic utility. To circumvent these limitations, transdermal delivery systems, notably transferosomes, offer a viable solution. This study aimed to formulate a transferosomal gel incorporating Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG) extract, employing the thin-film hydration technique. Evaluation parameters encompassed stability, zeta potential, particle size, entrapment efficiency, and deformability. The synthesized transferosomes were integrated into Carbopol gel to enhance ease of application and prolong skin retention. Comparative analyses with conventional gel assessed parameters such as consistency, transparency, viscosity, and pH. Experimental findings revealed successful entrapment of TFG extract (63.69±3.20% w/w) within transferosomes, exhibiting favorable particle size (269.20±1.20nm) and deformability (23.71±0.92). Skin penetration kinetics demonstrated a gradual increase in TFG extract concentration over time, with TFG-extract-loaded transferosomal gel exhibiting the highest concentration among formulations at all-time points. The stability studies indicated the prolonged stability of the TFG-transferosomes in gel formulations. In conclusion, the developed TFG extract-loaded transferosomal gel presents a promising strategy for improved transdermal delivery, offering potential therapeutic benefits over conventional formulations in RA management.