Utilizing Anadara granosa as A Natural Abrasive in Polishing Nanohybrid Composite Resins, Application in Dental Restoration

Polishing nanohybrid composite resin dental restorations is challenging, but they look and last better. The Anadara granosa (A. granosa) powder helps smooth composite surfaces naturally. This research aims to develop A. granosa powder as a natural abrasive in polishing nanohybrid composite resin restorations for roughness, shine, and surface hardness. Forty-eight upper premolar tooth samples were examined for shine using a gloss meter, hardness was analyzed using a Vickers Hardness Tester, and chemical elements and morphology of A. granosa powder were studied using SEM-EDS. Meanwhile, surface roughness is checked with AFM. A. granosa powder has a particle size (μm) of (4.74±1.567) and contains CaCO3 aragonite crystals. In addition, it includes the chemical elements Oxygen (58.5%), Calcium (40%), Ferrum (0.6%), Sodium (0.5%), and Aluminum (0.4%). The surface roughness value of the nanohybrid composite resin restoration after polishing A. granosa paste at a concentration of 25% has a better roughness value (µm) (0.18±0.09) compared to commercial polishing paste (0.23±0.06) and at that concentration has the highest shine value (GU) (30.65±0.28) compared to commercial polishing pastes (16.77±0.52). The 25% concentration of A. granosa powder had a better effect on the hardness (HV/VHN) of nanohybrid composite resin restorations (112.70±7.07) compared to the commercial polishing paste group (68.32±2.08). The A. granosa powder with a concentration of 25% can be applied to dental restorations because it has an excellent effect on nanohybrid composite resin restorations by reducing surface roughness and increasing shine and hardness.