Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix in a 46-year-old Indian female

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy, accounting for less than 2% of cervical cancers. It presents diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical and histopathological features with other cervical malignancies. We report the case of a 46-year-old Indian woman with NECC, diagnosed at an advanced stage (Stage 3A). She presented with prolonged menstrual bleeding, significant weight loss, and anaemia. Histopathological examination revealed small, monotonous cells with neuroendocrine differentiation and imaging showed a large cervical mass. The patient was treated with six cycles of chemotherapy (Etoposide and Cisplatin), following transfusion for anaemia and anticoagulation therapy due to pulmonary artery embolism. Subsequent imaging showed no disease progression after three cycles. The patient is scheduled for radiotherapy after completing chemotherapy. NECC’s aggressive nature, late-stage diagnosis, and treatment challenges highlight the importance of early detection, aggressive treatment and multidisciplinary management in improving patient outcomes. Ongoing monitoring for recurrence and treatment-related complications is essential for long-term care.