Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity and Antioxidant Properties of Grewia tiliifolia Root Mucilage as a Binder Excipient

This study investigates the potential of Grewia tiliifolia root mucilage as a versatile component in tablet formulations. G. tiliifolia, a plant native to India belonging to the Malvaceae family, presents an attractive natural alternative to synthetic polymers commonly used in pharmaceuticals. This exploration responds to the growing concerns regarding the toxicity, cost, and environmental impact associated with synthetic binders. The mucilage from G. tiliifolia roots was isolated, characterized, and evaluated for its suitability in tablet formulations, specifically focusing on its role as a binder, disintegrant and sustained-release polymer. Granules were prepared with varying concentrations of G. tiliifolia mucilage, and their flow properties were assessed. Paracetamol (PCM) tablets incorporating different concentrations of G. tiliifolia mucilage (GTF1-GTF5) were compared with those containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (A1-A5). Various pharmacopoeial standards, including yield and swelling index, were used to evaluate the granules. Granules prepared with G. tiliifolia mucilage exhibited excellent flow properties, meeting pharmacopoeial standards. In vitro dissolution studies revealed that GTF1 tablets achieved 99% drug release within 20 minutes, comparable to the 95% release observed with PVP-based tablets (A1). Furthermore, G. tiliifolia mucilage demonstrated antioxidant activity akin to ascorbic acid, validating its efficacy as a natural binder with performance akin to synthetic alternatives. Grewia tiliifolia root mucilage presents a promising multifunctional ingredient for tablet formulations, serving as an effective binder, disintegrant, gelling agent, and sustained-release polymer. Its successful application in PCM tablets highlights its potential as a viable alternative to synthetic polymers, addressing concerns regarding toxicity, cost, and environmental impact in pharmaceutical formulations.