Effect of Diaphragmatic Strengthening on Muscle Thickness and Velocity of Diaphram Excursion in High Body Mass Index Individuals

High body mass index (BMI) is linked to impaired respiratory functions due to increased abdominal pressure and fat distribution affecting diaphragm efficiency. However, there are limited research on how these exercises specifically impact diaphragm thickness and contraction velocity in people with high BMI. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a diaphragmatic muscle strengthening exercise program on diaphragm thickness and contraction velocity in individuals with high BMI.

In a quasi-experimental design, 100 participants with high BMI (25-30) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=50) or a control group (n=50). The experimental group engaged in a 12-week diaphragmatic strengthening program including incentive spirometry and resisted exercises using sandbag, while the control group received only incentive spirometry training. Diaphragm thickness and contraction velocity were assessed by B-mode and M-mode ultrasound, respectively, at baseline and after 12 weeks.

The experimental group showed a significant increase in diaphragm thickness during inspiration (p<0.05) and a trend towards improvement during expiration. As well as the experimental group exhibited a significant increase in diaphragm contraction velocity (p<0.05). In contrast, the control group did not show significant changes in either thickness or velocity.

The diaphragmatic strengthening program effectively improved both diaphragm thickness and contraction velocity in individuals with high BMI. These findings support the implementation of targeted exercise interventions to improve the diaphragm function in this population.