A Review on Therapeutic Targeting of Free Radicals in Cancer: Current Strategies and Future Directions

Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, demanding innovative approaches to improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects. Cancer, a complex and relentless group of diseases, continues to pose a profound global health challenge. Despite significant advancements in our understanding of its molecular underpinnings and the development of various therapeutic modalities, the quest for effective and less toxic cancer treatments remains a high priority. One promising avenue that has gained increasing attention in recent years is the therapeutic targeting of free radicals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals have long been associated with cancer development and progression, offering a unique avenue for therapeutic intervention. This article explores the role of ROS in cancer biology, from the use of antioxidants as adjuvants in conventional treatment to radiation therapy and chemotherapy strategies that exploit redox vulnerabilities. Additionally, we examine the clinical application of radiation therapy, its efficacy in different cancer types and potential strategies to enhance its selective targeting of cancer cell. We explore the design principles of nanoparticle based therapies, the identification of target gene and the potential for combined therapies that synergize with existing treatment. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current strategies and future directions in therapeutic targeting of free radicals in cancer.