Exploring the use of Proton Pump Inhibitor and Dementia Risk in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study based Approach

Among the medications that are administered most commonly are proton pump inhibitors (PPI). There may be a connection between PPI usage and a higher chance of dementia, according to previous studies. On the other hand, conflicting findings have been found in previously conducted studies on the linkage between PPI use and dementia. This study aims to evaluate the association between PPI use and the risk of dementia among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The relationship between PPI use and dementia in diabetics was investigated using a comparative study. During a three-month evaluation period, 100 DM patients (56 of whom had been diagnosed with mild to severe dementia) and 44 controls were selected based on preset inclusion criteria. Data from both PPI and non-PPI users was compared. The findings revealed that PPI users had a higher risk of dementia than non-users (66% vs. 46%, respectively; OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.04, 5.25; p<0.01). Among patients with moderate dementia, a higher proportion were PPI users (59.9%) compared to non-users (20.3%). Conversely, non-PPI users had a greater prevalence of mild dementia (70.6%) compared to PPI users (40.3%). Notably, no cases of severe dementia were observed during the study period. These findings provide credence to the theory that DM patients who take PPI for an extended period of time may be at higher risk of developing dementia.