Pongamia pinnata: A Comprehensive Review of its Pharmacognostical Studies and Pharmacological Activities

Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been essential in the development of many modern drugs, and they continue to be a valuable source of new therapeutic agent. Pongamia pinnata, commonly referred to as Karanj is a versatile tree belonging to the Fabaceae family which has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, offering a plethora of health benefits. This review aims to provide an exhaustive overview of the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of Pongamia pinnata, as well as its environmental applications. The plant contains several beneficial compounds, including fixed oils, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids and alkaloids. P. pinnata is widely recognized for its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antiviral and antioxidant properties. Additionally, its seed oil can be utilized as a source of biodiesel. The pharmacognostic information will be promising tool for establishing standards for purity, quality and sample identification. This comprehensive review provides a thorough understanding of Pongamia pinnata’s multifaceted applications, emphasizing its importance in promoting human health and environmental sustainability. Our findings suggest that further research is necessary to fully explore its potential and optimize its uses.