Review on Nanoparticle Based Buccal Drug Delivery System

The administration of drug through buccal mucosa has gain lot of attention in drug delivery system. The main advantages of using buccal route is non-invasive and easy method to administer the drug and it bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and avoids first pass metabolism in the liver that lead to reduced side effects. However, the buccal drug delivery faces many challenges like low permeability, enzyme degradation and drug absorption typically inadequate to provide effective therapy because of tongue movement, high salivary excretion and accidental swallowing. The use of nanoparticle is a key method for improving buccal administration because the nanoparticle act as versatile nanocarriers than can increase the bioavailability of loaded drug and improve permeability and drug absorption in buccal mucosa since they can stay in systemic circulation for long period of time and reduce side effects. Many drugs have been formulated as nanoparticle based buccal delivery system such as lipid-based nanoparticle, liposomes, nanoparticle lipid carriers, polymerics, etc., which are used in the treatment of various diseases. This review article highlights the buccal drug delivery, anatomy of oral cavity and various strategies used to target the buccal mucosa. Also, this review summarizes the recent advance nanotechnology method focused on formulations that have been developed to enhance drug delivery through buccal mucosa.