Bioinformatic Analysis, LC-MS Profiling, and Antidiabetic activity of Coprinus comatus in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Male Mice

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that lead to various complications. Despite the availability of various medications for its management, adherence to conventional treatments can be challenging due to sociocultural factors that favor traditional medicine. Coprinus comatus, a traditional medicine with scientifically proven antidiabetic properties, is cultivated in both Cianjur and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Previous research on Coprinus comatus has primarily focused on samples from Cianjur. Moreover, there has been no prior research on bioinformatics analysis between Cianjur and Yogyakarta cultivation, LC-MS profiling, and antidiabetic activity of Coprinus comatus cultivated in Yogyakarta. This study aimed to conduct bioinformatics analysis, LC-MS profiling, and evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Coprinus comatus cultivated in Yogyakarta. Results showed that Coprinus comatus samples from Yogyakarta exhibited genetic similarities to those from Cianjur based on genetic identification/DNA sequencing. Furthermore, the phytochemical profile of Coprinus comatus from Yogyakarta aligned with the previous finding, showing the presence flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. Despite these similarities, the antidiabetic activities of Coprinus comatus from the two regions differed significantly. Coprinus comatus from Yogyakarta exhibited a higher glucose-lowering effect, reaching 33.54% at a lower dose (200 mg/kg body weight) compared to previous studies on Coprinus comatus from Cianjur, which reported a 26.69% reduction in blood sugar at a higher dose (750 mg/kg body weight). The top ten compounds identified in Coprinus comatus from Yogyakarta, including Phytosphingosine, 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propanyl, Ionene, 4-(Stearoylamino)butanoic acid, 1-Linoleoyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC, Quinupramine, L-Ergothioneine, Docosatetraenoylethanolamide, (1R)-1-Phenyl-2-aminopropan-1-ol, and 1,2-Dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol, may contribute to the observed antidiabetic effects. These findings suggest that Coprinus comatus cultivated in Yogyakarta has the potential to be developed as a promising traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.