Biofabrication and Biological Evaluation of Annona reticulata L. Mediated Metallic Nanoparticles: Anticancer, Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterial Activities

Annona reticulata L. has emerged as a significant source for metallic nanoparticle synthesis due to its therapeutic relevance and widespread acceptance. Both alcoholic and aqueous extracts were utilized, employing various extraction techniques to obtain the nanoparticles. Phytochemical analysis has verified the existence of biologically active substances within the raw extracts. Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized utilizing these extracts, characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy showing absorption peaks at 455nm, indicative of AgNP formation. Structural analysis via SEM revealed crystalline shapes, while XRD confirmed face-centred cubic crystal structures of Ag. FTIR spectroscopy validated the presence of functional molecules on the nanoparticle surfaces. Pharmacological evaluations demonstrated notable antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of the AgNPs derived from Annona reticulata L. leaves. Anticancer efficacy against MCF-7 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay, with findings comparable to 5-Fluorouracil. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using protein denaturation and bovine albumin fraction methods, showing effectiveness comparable to diclofenac sodium. Antibacterial efficacy against standard strains was demonstrated using disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods, with streptomycin as the standard. This eco-friendly approach highlights the potential of Annona reticulata L. in nanoparticle synthesis and underscores its promising biomedical applications, warranting further research.