Optimizing Temperature and Time in Bovine Bone Extraction: A Novel approach to Enhanced Hydroxyapatite Production for Advanced Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

This study aims to obtain raw materials with optimal characteristics for hydroxyapatite synthesis from bovine tibia bones by optimizing temperature and time in the bone extraction process using thermal decomposition. Bovine tibia bones were prepared into powder and extracted using a furnace at different temperatures and time factors. Using a factorial design, the extraction process was optimized at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1100°C and 2-6 hours of heating times. Responses to this optimization process included powder density, extraction yield, carbon (C) content, oxygen (O) content, calcium (Ca) content, and phosphorus (P) content in the extracted powder. The optimal temperature and time for the extraction process yielded the following response values: powder density of 0.926g/cm3, extraction yield of 64.9132%, C content of 3.772%, O content of 33.7829%, Ca content of 16.2654%, and P content of 5.8544%. Lack of fit results indicated non-significant values in testing for extraction yield, C content, O content, Ca content, and P content, suggesting insignificant differences between experimental data and predictions from the proposed model. The extraction process at 1100°C for 6 hours resulted in raw material with optimum characteristics for hydroxyapatite synthesis, enabling the production of high-quality biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.