GC-MS Analysis and Evaluation of Acute Oral Toxicity Study on Allophylus concanicus Radlk: A Rare Medicinal Plant

Allophylus concanicus Radlk belongs to the Sapindaceae family and is known for its wide range of therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigated the phytoconstituents, GC-MS profile, and cytotoxic effects of the methanol extract of A. concanicus leaves (MEACL). The leaf methanol crude extract was subjected to Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze bioactive molecules. The toxicity of the samples was evaluated in vitro, and the samples were tested for acute oral toxicity for 14 days in female albino Wistar rats with reference to the guidelines of OECD 425. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of A. concanicus showed the existence of some prominent phytochemicals, GC-MS results for the same extract showed the presence of 24 bioactive molecules, including 4-O-Methylmannose with 39.58% area. The sample showed an IC₅₀ of 382.92μg/mL in an in vitro cytotoxicity study against fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3). In the acute oral toxicity study of Wistar albino rats administered a single oral dose, no significant changes in blood parameters were observed after 14 days. No mortality was observed at a sample concentration of 2000mg/kg per body weight (b.w). An acute oral toxicity study found that the estimated LD₅₀ value of the methanol crude extract of A. concanicus leaves was >2000mg/kg b.w and the entire studied were conducted for the first time using A. concanicusplant. The promising results of this study will help us explore the future therapeutic applications of A. concanicus.