Biomarkers for Early Detection of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Focus on miRNAs and EXOs

Nowadays, cancer and cardiovascular diseases rank among the world’s major causes of death. It is predicted that around 26 million cancer survivors will be at a risk of developing cardiovascular complications by 2040. In an effort to lessen the cardiotoxic effects of cancer treatments, the area of cardio-oncology was founded in the early to mid-2000s. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline-based anticancer medication, has limited efficacy in cancer patients due to its cardiotoxic effects. The primary objective of this literature review is to help with the early detection and treatment of cardiac problems by understanding the involvement of several biomarkers in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable and detectable in body fluids, and exosomes (EXOs), present in various cell components, show promising ability as a biomarker in DIC. However, further research is needed to develop their potential as biomarkers and to improve patient outcomes in cardio-oncology.