Recent Advancements in Principle Secondary Metabolites and Their Antiulcer Inhibitory effects

Peptic ulcer disease, which includes gastric and duodenal ulcers, is one of the most widespread gastrointestinal conditions, affecting 10% of the global population. The main cause of this disease was continuous imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors as elevation of aggressive factors increases levels of pepsin gastric acid secretion and decreases bicarbonate ions. NSAIDS (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), Alcohol, Smoking, H. pylori infections are the factors which are responsible for disrupting Gastric acid secretion and leads to formation of ulcers. Conventional drugs like PPIs, H2 receptor blockers, Prostaglandin analogues has shown various side effects. Hence, the phytochemicals found in medicinal plants, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, are a rich supply of polyphenolic substances that may be used to treat a variety of ailments. In this review, we summarized available literature with the help of ‘PubMed’, ‘Google Scholar’, and ‘Scopus’, etc. Here, Probiotics, isolated phytochemical substances, common medicinal plants, and green synthesis of plant extracts have all been utilized to treat peptic ulcers.