A Comprehensive Analysis of Andrographis paniculata Herbal Products Conducted to Enhance Potency and Ensure Safety Through the Application of Pertinent Chromatographic Techniques

The study aimed to identify and quantify andrographolides in various marketed samples of A. Paniculata and detect pesticide residues. It aimed to improve understanding of the composition, purit, and safety.The TLC technique used an aluminium plate with pre-coated silica gel (E. Merck – Silica Gel 60F254). Samples were spotted using a Linomat IV syringe TLC applicator (CAMAG) and a solvent system consisting of acetone, benzene, and chloroform (20:20:10 ratio). With a LiChrospher 100 RP-18e (5μm) column, a quaternary pump, UV detector, auto injector, column oven, and LC-Solution software, the HPLC system comprised a SHIMADZU LC-2030C Liquid Chromatograph. The Agilent Gas Chromatograph with Electron Capture and Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector 7890A-ECD/NPD (EZ Chrome) and associated equipment, along with a Zebron ZB-1 column (30 m in length, 0.25 mm in diameter, and 0.50 m film thickness), made up the GC-ECD system.The TLC results showed well-developed andrographolide spots in all samples, with sample C having the highest percentage. HPLC quantification confirmed this, with sample C exhibiting the highest total andrographolide content. GC-ECD analysis detected pesticide residues in A. paniculata samples. This comprehensive chromatographic analysis enhances our understanding of A. paniculata composition and purity, ensuring potency and safety in herbal products. These findings provide valuable insights for quality control in A. paniculata-based formulations.Our research emphasises the safety and therapeutic potential of Andrographis paniculata, underscoring its importance in contemporary medicine. By using cutting-edge methods for thorough study, we were able to verify its effectiveness against several diseases.