Interplay of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics to Dietary Responses and NCD

The replication and stability of cells depend on the human genome, which is encased in chromosomes. Mutations caused by mistakes in DNA replication may increase the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such cancer, heart disease, and obesity, as well as cause developmental abnormalities. These influences can come from inside and outside the body. Dietary components' interactions with genetic composition and their effects on health outcomes are the focus of nutritional genomics, which includes nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics.

The purpose of this review is to delve into the gene-diet connection by highlighting the contributions of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics to our knowledge of how different people's diets affect their health and the chances of developing non-communicable diseases.

Publications published between January 2010 and October 2024 were the primary subject of a thorough literature analysis that used databases such as PubMed and Karger. "Nutrition," "nutritional genomics," "nutrigenetics," and "non-communicable diseases" were among the most popular search words.

This review compiles research showing that dietary requirements and nutrient metabolism are greatly affected by genetic differences, particularly SNPs. The article emphasizes the need of addressing both undernutrition and overnutrition. Individualized nutritional plans have shown potential in the fight against non-communicable diseases, especially in at-risk groups like the elderly.

In order to enhance health outcomes and minimize illness risks, individualized nutrition programs must take into account the complex relationship between genetics and diet. The increasing number of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) calls on health officials to put an emphasis on personalized dietary treatments, using new findings in genomics to influence public health policy and dietary recommendations in the future. To better understand the connections between genes and food and to increase the usefulness of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in healthcare, further study is required.