LC-MS Analysis of Phytocomponents in the Methanol Extract of Securigera securidaca L. Leaves

Securigera securidaca L, an annual plant from the Fabaceae family, is utilized in traditional healing practices in Jordan to treat hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This work makes the chemical components of the S. securidaca leaves methanolic extract clear. The extract was analyzed for secondary metabolites. The Folin-Ciocalteu technique was used to calculate the total phenolic content. The spectrophotometry method was used to measure the antioxidant activity, with the leaves extract showing an appreciated effect with an IC₅₀ value of 10.54 mg/ml and 5.02 Geqv g%. The LC-MS chromatogram of S. securidaca leaves' methanolic extract revealed 770 peaks with library confidence of 70 or higher. In comparison, 705 peaks in the negative mode had high confidence and a known formula. Amino acids were found in the positive mode analysis. D-pinitol and gingerol were reported sugars that were detected in various forms. Glocosides were detected, including Gentiopicroside, Vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside, Kaempferol 7-O-glucoside, and Malvidin 3-O-glucoside cation. Pinoresinol, a phytoestrogen with hypoglycemic activity, was detected with a low percentage of 0.84. Vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside and Isovitexin were detected with a rate of 10.75 and 3.836 in the positive mode analysis. Polar plant metabolites were abundant in negative mode ionization. Other essential compounds with lower percentages included Narengin, Isoorientin, Genkwanin, Sesamol, and Oleanolic acid. Various levels of phenolic and antioxidant components, such as Gingerol, Kaempferol, Vitexin, Malvidin, and Isovitexin, justified the DPPH free radical activity and acceptable low IC₅₀ antioxidant activity. Further investigation is needed to identify the remaining high levels of unknown peaks using more identified libraries and analysis conditions.