The RND Efflux pump and correlation with Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii-calcoaceticus Complex in Indonesia

Background: Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (CRABC) pathogen is a significant opportunistic pathogen causes illnesses via healthcare-associated infections, however little is known regarding the RND efflux pump gene of A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex bacteria resistant to carbapenem in Indonesian healthcare facilities. This study aimed to identify efflux pump of the RND family of adeABC and adeIJK genes of CRABC in two referral care hospitals in the islands of North Sulawesi and East Java, Indonesia. Methods: The Vitek2^® system was used to identify the CRABC pathogen that were obtained from standard medical cultures from inpatients treated in the medical wards, intensive care unit (ICU), surgical wards, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) in two referral care hospitals in Manado, North Sulawesi, and Malang, East Java. We identified the presence of efflux pump adeABC and adeIJK genes of the RND family using multiplex PCR. Results: Seventy three A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex carbapenem resistant bacteria were collected. The CRABS isolates were frequently found in the lower respiratory tract specimens. In this study, we detected the adeABC and adeIJK genes from CRABC isolates in the tertiary care hospitals in Malang and Manado, Indonesia. Conclusions: RND efflux pump of adeABC and adeIJK are abundantly present in the tertiary care hospitals in Malang and Manado, Indonesia.