Bioassay Guided Fractionation and Identification of Antidiabetic Potential of Cassia tora Seeds

Bioassay guided fractionation technique is step by step separation of phytochemical component based on their physic-chemical properties, and investigating the pharmacological activities, followed by separation and assaying. Cassia tora Linn. is the wild medicinal plant and grows in most parts of India as weeds. In traditional literature, it is found that seeds of Cassia tora Linn. were used for the treatment of diabetes in different parts of the world. It was considered worthwhile to explore the plant for its claimed activity and isolation of phytoconstituents from this plant having antidiabetic potential. Objective is to analyse phytochemical component and antidiabetic potential of seeds of Cassia tora using column chromatography. Methanolic extract processed through bioactive fractionation as water soluble fraction and ethyl acetate fraction. The water soluble fraction was processed through solvent fractionation followed by column chromatography from which five isolates was found that were analyzed for phytochemical and pharmacological screening. The isolate with more potent antidiabetic activity as compared to other isolates was processed through chemical profiling and characterization. The result of antidiabetic potential suggested that methanolic extract possess antidiabetic activity. The phytochemical screening of all five fractions showed the presence of flavanoid, anthraquinone, triterpinoid, sterol and carbohydrate. The flavanoid was present in fraction f-b and fraction f-e. Anthraquinone, triterpenoid and carbohydrate was present in fraction (f-a). On the basis of all phytochemical and pharmacological screening it can be concluded that the antidiabetic potential of seeds of Cassia tora Linn. may be due to the presence of epicatechin using to various modern analytical techniques.