Development and Evaluation of Hydrochlorothiazide Loaded Nanosponges

Nanosponges are formulated to enhance drug delivery by encapsulating and protecting drugs, promoting their controlled release, and improving their solubility. They can target specific cells, minimizing side effects and optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is used to treat high blood pressure. It's also used to treat swelling that's caused by heart failure, liver damage (cirrhosis), and taking medications called corticosteroids or estrogens. It may also help treat swelling that's caused by kidney problems. Hydrochlorothiazide-loaded nanosponges were created using the emulsion solvent diffusion method to facilitate controlled drug release, employing a Central Composite Design methodology. The compatibility of HCTZ with the polymer was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), stability tests, in vitro drug release, entrapment efficiency, and production yield were all assessed for each formulation. Different drug-polymer ratios (1:1 to 1:4) were used to create the HCTZ nanosponges. The drug-polymer ratio and stirring speed, were chosen as factors for assessing in-vitro drug release and particle size. These optimized nanosponges had an encapsulation efficiency of 83.7%. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the optimized drug-loaded nanosponges exhibited a porous spherical structure. The optimized nanosponges demonstrated controlled drug release, with a release rate of 90.95% over a period of 12 hours. Finally, the nanosponges were encapsulated within capsules and subjected to further evaluation and stability studies.