In- Silico Studies and Characterization of Herbal Extracts for Management of Endothelial Dysfunction

Endothelial dysfunction is one such important etiology for numerous cardiovascular disorders including hypertension and atherosclerosis. The beneficial effects of the herbal extracts containing compounds such as gymnemic acid, resveratrol, Mahanimbine and allicin, in managing endothelial function is based on the anti -inflammatory, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant properties that have proved to prevent endothelial dysfunction. This work is as an attempt to assess the level of endothelial protection by targeting the multiple pathways involved in endothelial dysfunction with the hydroalcoholic extracts of gurmar, grapes, curry leaves and garlic. Characterization techniques such as IR, NMR, and Mass spectroscopy were utilized to identify the compounds, while HPTLC analysis confirmed their presence by comparing them to standard Rf values. Additionally, molecular docking studies of the bioactive molecules demonstrated their ability to enhance endothelial defense. The findings indicate that Gymnemic acid addresses hyperglycemia, inflammation, and hypertension; Resveratrol combats oxidation; mahanimbine is effective against hypertension, oxidation, and hyperglycemia; and allicin targets hypertension, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia. Above said constituents in combination can target all pathways of endothelial dysfunction that can be managed through the elevation of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and availability of NO with a decrease in the of oxidative stress, indicating that the extracts might be used as adjuvant treatments for endothelial dysfunction.