Methodological Approaches to Assessing Influence of Plant Bioactive Substances on Hemostasis System

To consider the specifics of the research methodology for the antithrombotic (anticoagulation and antiplatelet) activity of plant bioactive compounds, that represent a great potential in the development of novel drugs for the correction of hemostasis disorders.

analysis of research data obtained in the peer-reviewed bibliographic databases PubMed, Google Scholar for the search query "plant biologically active compounds", "anticoagulation activity", "antiplatelet activity", "hemostasis". Results: In vitro experiments predominate in the structure of studies of the effect of phytochemicals on the hemostasis system. To assess the effect on coagulation hemostasis, standard blood clotting tests (activated partial prothrombin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time) are most commonly used, antiplatelet activity is commonly assessed using the optical aggregometry method. In studies of the effect of plant bioactive compounds on the hemostasis system, two directions can be distinguished, in particular, the study of the effect of crude extracts - screening, aimed at finding promising plant sources of substances with antithrombotic activity. The second research strategy is to isolate, fractionate and identify a class of biologically active substances or individual compounds directly responsible for exerting anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet activity. Both crude phytoextracts and individual plant compounds can have a multidirectional effect on the hemostasis system, at the same time, a larger number of plant biologically active compounds exert their effect on hemostasis at the platelet level.

In the number of classes of plant biologically active compounds with the most pronounced effect on the hemostatic system (antiplatelet effect), classes of phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds (curcuminoids, lignans, phenolic acids, flavonoid polyphenols, coumarins), alkaloids, saponins, iridoid glycosides, sesquiterpenes, and furan derivatives can be noted. The available data allow us to conclude that the main target for the action of plant origin bioactive compounds is the arachidonic acid cascade signaling pathway.