Review on Chemical Constituents and Biological activities of Genus Terfezia

The genus Terfezia, comprising approximately 34 species of truffle-like fungi in the family Pezizaceae, includes ecologically and economically significant desert truffles widely distributed in arid regions of the Mediterranean, Middle East, and North Africa. Traditionally valued for their culinary and medicinal uses, their therapeutic potential remains underexplored scientifically.

This literature review aims to critically assess the phytochemical profiles and biological activities of Terfezia species in order to evaluate their pharmacological potential.

A comprehensive search was conducted across major scientific databases to identify studies on the chemical constituents and bioactivities of Terfezia. Data were systematically extracted and analyzed for trends in phytochemistry and pharmacological effects.

Nine major phenolic compounds—including quercetin, gallic acid, rutin, and catechin—and 12 free amino acids were identified, primarily in T. claveryi and T. boudieri. These constituents correlate with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as antimicrobial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Emerging evidence also supports antiviral, cytotoxic, and neuroprotective properties.

The rich phytochemical composition of Terfezia species provides a scientific basis for their traditional medicinal applications. However, further research—particularly involving standardized extracts, mechanistic validation, and in vivo studies—is required to translate these findings into evidence-based therapeutic applications.