Structure and Fate of Emulsomes Designed for the Nasal Delivery of Poorly Water - Soluble Drugs

The nasal delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs faces challenges related to limited bioavailability and poor absorption. Emulsomes, lipid-based nanoparticles combining characteristics of emulsions and liposomes, offer a promising solution by enhancing the solubility, stability, and delivery of hydrophobic compounds. This review discusses the structure, preparation, and characterization of emulsomes for nasal drug delivery, focusing on lipid composition, surfactant use, and functionalization potential. Key physicochemical properties like size, charge, and encapsulation efficiency are also explored, as they influence their effectiveness. Additionally, the review covers emulsome interaction with the nasal mucosa, transport mechanisms, and potential to cross the blood-brain barrier or enter systemic circulation. Strategies to optimize emulsome formulations, including surfactants, targeting ligands, and modifications, are highlighted. In conclusion, emulsomes present a promising platform for improving the nasal delivery of poorly soluble drugs, particularly for treating central nervous system and systemic conditions.