1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi BandungJl. Ganesha No. 10, Coblong District, Bandung City, West Java40132.
2Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Jl.Babakan Loa No. 10, Pasirkaliki, Kecamatan Cimahi Utara, West Java40514, Indonesia.
3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Jl Kuaro, Gunung Kelua Main Campus, Samarinda, East Kalimantan75117, Indonesia.
4Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Hegarmanah, Jatinangor Campus, Sumedang Regency, West Java45363, Indonesia.
5Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl Terusan Jenderal Sudirman,Cimahi40533West Java, Indonesia.
6Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor Campus, Sumedang Regency, West Java45363, Indonesia.
7Department of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: adnyana@itb.ac.id
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), mainly caused by atherosclerosis, remains a major global health issue, leading to significant morbidity and mortality, including in Indonesia. Risk factors such as smoking, obesity, degenerative diseases, diabetes, and heart disease contribute to ACS. Effective prevention, early diagnosis, and management are essential for reducing its impact, with biomarkers playing a crucial role.
This study investigated the relationship between ACS risk factors and biomarkers hs-CRP, Troponin I, and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) in adults from Bandung, Indonesia, divided into normal subjects (n=25), those with at least one risk factor (n=20), and ACS cases (n=23). Serum levels were measured using ELISA and analyzed via multivariate regression.
All risk factors together significantly affected hs-CRP, Troponin I, and IL-18. Age and random blood sugar (RBS) mostly influenced hs-CRP; age and BMI affected Troponin I; while diastolic pressure and cholesterol were linked to IL-18. IL-18 increased steadily across Groups (p<0.001), while CRP could not clearly differentiate normal and at-risk Groups. Troponin I rose mainly in ACS patients. The comparative indexes for hs-CRP were 1:1:5, Troponin I 1:1.25:140, and IL-18 1:7:10 across the three Groups, suggesting that even slight increases in IL-18 were linked to ACS risk.
IL-18 is a promising biomarker for indicating atherosclerosis severity and the risk of acute coronary syndrome.
IL-18, Troponin I, CRP, Biomarkers, Risk prediction
