Role of Carbon Quantum Dots of Sapindus Rarak DC on The Released of TGF-β1 of Matrix Dentine

Regenerative endodontic treatment has emerged as a biological alternative for managing necrotic mature permanent teeth with closed apexes. The appropriate irrigation solution plays a critical role in releasing TGF-β1 stored in dentin, contributing to the success of such treatments. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) derived from Sapindus rarak DC in promoting TGF-β1 release. Irrigation solutions included NaOCl 1.5% combined with Sapindus rarak DC CQDs 4%, Sapindus rarak DC extract 12.5%, and EDTA 17%. Characterization tests, including density, viscosity, flow rate, UV analysis, and HR-TEM, confirmed the successful synthesis of Sapindus rarak DC CQDs 4%. CQDs 4% and Sapindus rarak DC extract 12.5% showed acidic pH, supporting TGF-β1 release. Twenty-seven single-rooted premolars underwent root canal preparation using the V-Taper Gold rotary system up to size #25.08. Irrigation with NaOCl 1.5% + Sapindus rarak DC CQDs 4%, NaOCl 1.5% + Sapindus rarak DC extract 12.5%, and NaOCl 1.5% + EDTA 17% was performed, followed by ultrasonic agitation for 1 minute. The TGF-β1 release was quantified using ELISA kits. Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed significant differences among groups (p<0.05). However, Mann-Whitney analysis revealed no significant difference between Sapindus rarak DC CQDs 4% and EDTA 17%. In conclusion, NaOCl 1.5% + Sapindus rarak DC CQDs 4% demonstrated comparable effectiveness to NaOCl 1.5% + EDTA 17% in promoting TGF-β1 release, highlighting its potential as a biocompatible alternative in regenerative endodontic treatments.