Mucinous Ovarian Cancer: Current Trends in Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Methods and Therapeutic Approaches

Mucinous ovarian cancer (MOC) represents a rare and distinct subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer characterized by the presence of mucin-producing cancer cells. Recent advancements have deepened our understanding of its unique molecular and clinical features, aiding in improved diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. This review aims to summarize the latest updates in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approaches for MOC. Epidemiological studies indicate a lower incidence of MOC compared to other ovarian cancers, but with unique genetic and molecular signatures that distinguish it from other subtypes. Recent findings highlight the importance of molecular profiling, which reveals frequent mutations in KRAS, TP53, and other genes, offering potential targets for therapy. Diagnostic advances, including refined imaging techniques and biomarker development, enhance early detection and accurate classification. Therapeutically, surgery remains the cornerstone, but emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapies show promise in managing advanced or recurrent cases. This review also discusses ongoing clinical trials and future directions, emphasizing the need for continued research to optimize outcomes for patients with MOC.