Bio-active Components and Medicinal Properties of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.): A Comprehensive Review

Neem, scientifically known as Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.) is an evergreen, temperature-resistant flowering tree native to India, though it is now found across various continents. Famous for its wide range of therapeutic uses, almost all parts of the neem tree are used in both contemporary pharmaceutical formulations and traditional medicine. Neem is effective against a range of microorganisms and ectoparasites, including bacteria, ticks, viruses, fungi, viruses, ticks, and mites. Additionally, it offers benefits such as antimalarial, neuroprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and wound-healing properties. Beyond its medicinal uses, neem is also employed in agriculture as a pesticide and fertilizer to boost crop yields. Despite its many advantages, research and reviews on neem, particularly in India, have not been as thorough as those on other medicinal plants. To fully explore its potential, there is a need for more extensive research and development, supported by government funding to advance studies on this remarkable tree.