Future of Cancer Therapy-COX-2 Inhibitors: A Review

Cycloxygenases (COX) are the principle enzymes involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid generating prostaglandins which are the genuine mediators of inflammation and pain. COX are classified into Type-1 and Type-2 which are constitutive and inducible respectively. Recent research has brought into light the possible role of these PGs in the COX-2 cascade of tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis with significant overexpression. Thus COX2 can serve as a useful biomarker in the early diagnosis and can be selectively targeted in the tumour cells with greater proven safety. The review deals with the potential role of COX-2 inhibitors in canceling the PG mediated Signaling, the role of COX-2 in different types of cancers. (Lung, Head and Neck, Bladder, Cervical Cancer and Other Oncology applications), the beneficial outcomes of combination therapy of COX-2 inhibitors along with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In conclusion a note on future research options for treating neuroblastomas with COX-2 inhibitors was elucidated.