Hepatoprotective effect of Gallic acid and Gallic acid Phytosome against Carbon Tetrachloride induced damage in albino rats

Phytoconstituents like many polyphenols are poorly absorbed either due to their multiple-ring large size molecules which cannot be absorbed by simple diffusion, or due to their poor miscibility with oils and other lipids, severely limiting their ability to pass across the lipid-rich outer membranes of the enterocytes of the small intestine. Watersoluble phytoconstituent molecules (mainly polyphenols) can be converted into lipid-compatible molecular complexes, which are called Phytosomes. Gallic acid (GA, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), a naturally occurring plant phenol. So the following study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of gallic acid and gallic acid Phytosomes (GAP) at different doses against CCl₄ induced hepatic and renal damage in albino rats. Liver damage was induced in Wister albino rats by administering CCl₄ (1.5 ml/kg, i.p) once only. Simultaneously, GAP (40, 60 mg/kg, p.o.), GA (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), and the reference drug silymarin (50 mg/kg b.w.).were administered orally. Levels of marker enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and SALP), albumin (Alb) and total protein (TP) were assessed in serum.

Treatment with gallic acid (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and gallic acid-phospholipids complex (40, 60 mg/kg, p.o.) showed dose-dependent recovery in all these biochemical parameters but the effect was more pronounced with gallic acid Phytosomes. Thus it may be concluded that 45mg/kg dose of gallic acid-phospholipids was found to be most effective against carbon tetrachloride induced liver and kidney damage.