Isolation and Detection of Aspergillus and Candida Species in Sputum of HIV Positive Patients and It Correlate With CD₄

Aspergillus and Candida causing important role in oppurinstic infection was an infection caused by pathogens that usually do not cause disease in a healthy immune system. 50 patients were screened for HIV at ICTC, SMS Medical college. Aspergillus and Candida were identified on the basis of culture and microscopic examination as Gram's and lactophenol cotton blue staining. Aspergillus is a filamentous, cosmopolitian and ubiquitous fungus whereas Candida is a yeast. Both species were endosymbionts of animal hosts including human. Clinically, Candida albicans was the most significant sub-species and causing Candidiasis infection in human and other animals, specially in immune compromised patients. ELISA and HIV comb test were to evaluate the presence of antigen or antibody in a sample. On SDA (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar), samples clinically inoculated in media for recovery, sub-culture and identification of fungi. Gentamicin acts as antibacterial agent whereas Cyclohexamide inhibits the growth. The results evaluate that grayish-green colonies of Aspergillus and white-creamy colonies of Candida on SDA. Results of investigation that, out of 50 cases, 42 people infected by Candida and 8 people with Aspergillus. Males were more infected to HIV. Normal CD₄ counts in adult ranges from 500 to 1500 cells per cubic millimetre of blood. In general, the CD₄ count goes down as HIV diseases progresses. Maximum fungus growth in between 30–40 years. The examination also evaluate that the HIV infected individuals belong to sexually active age group between 20–40 years. Sexual contact was the main mode of transmission which was more prevalence in males.