Workplace Spirituality and Job Outcomes: A Review of Extant Literature and Agenda for Future Research

The primary objective of this article is to critically examine the existing and contemporary literature on workplace spirituality and propose a conceptual framework linking workplace spirituality with various job outcomes. Spirituality at work or workplace spirituality has been conceptualised by several authors. This profusion of definitions and constructs developed by many authors has led to a lot of confusions regarding the dimensionality of workplace spirituality. Spirituality for many has been incompatible with business and construed to be something that should be confined to temples and churches. At the same time, others believe that spirituality has multiple advantages at the workplace and that it immensely contributes towards employees’ performance and effectiveness. In this paper, we extend several propositions believing that there is a positive relationship between workplace spirituality and various job outcomes like job commitment, job satisfaction, task performance and organisational citizenship behaviour. This paper proposes a theoretical framework on spirituality and job outcome in the Indian context and shows directions for future empirical researches.