A review: Lumpy skin disease in cattle

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most economically valuable transboundary and OIE-listed diseases caused by Capripoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. LSD should always be included in the differential diagnosis when cattle exhibit tiny nodules development in the head, neck, udder, rump, perineum, and leg area and elevated body temperature, respiration, and salivation. The economic potential of these diseases is of significant concern, provided that they threaten international trade and could be used as economic bioterrorism agents. Because of the scarcity of reliable vaccinations and the widespread poverty in rural areas, capripoxviruses appear to be spreading more widely. The best treatment for reducing the risk factors for the disease could be strict quarantine, vector control, and prophylactic vaccination. The goal of the current study is to give the information that is currently available on the disease’s various aspects, including its clinicopathology, method of transmission, possible treatments, and diagnostic procedures.