Digital Transformation of Language and Literature in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Digital Humanities Perspective with Special Reference to India

The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed the landscape of language and literature in the twenty-first century. The emergence of social media platforms, digital publishing ecosystems, artificial intelligence, and digital humanities has significantly altered linguistic practices, literary production, readership patterns, and cultural expression. Unlike previous technological shifts, digital technologies facilitate instantaneous communication, global connectivity, and participatory engagement, thereby reshaping traditional notions of authorship, readership, and textuality. This article examines the multifaceted impact of digital technologies on language and literature through an interdisciplinary framework combining media studies, digital humanities, literary theory, and posthumanist perspectives. Particular attention is given to the Indian context, where multilingualism, code-switching, and digital hybridity have produced unique linguistic and literary developments. Employing qualitative content analysis of digital platforms, social media discourse, and contemporary scholarship, the study explores the opportunities and challenges presented by digital transformation. The findings suggest that digitalization has democratized literary production, enhanced accessibility, and fostered linguistic innovation while simultaneously raising concerns regarding algorithmic influence, digital inequality, copyright, and artificial intelligence. The paper argues that digital technologies represent not merely a technical advancement but a profound cultural transformation that continues to redefine language, literature, and human creativity.