Comparison of the Phenolic Profile, Inhibition of Enzymes Associated with Type-2 Diabetes and Hypertension, and Fe²⁺-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rat’ Pancreas by Plum and Hogweed Leaves Extracts

Inhibition α-amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) are therapeutic approach to the management of type-2 diabetes (TD2) and hypertension, and phenolic-rich plants have shown promising potentials. Plum and Hogweed leaves are widely used across the world in managing TD2 without vivid scientific basis. This study investigated and compared the phenolic profile, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, ACE and Fe²⁺-induced lipid peroxidation in rat’ pancreas inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts from Plum and Hogweed leaves.: HPLC analyses revealed the presence of gallic, caffeic and p-coumaric acids, and cyanidin, catechin, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol, with highest quantification found in Hogweed leaf except for gallic, and kaempferol which was only detected in Plum leaf. The IC₅₀ values shown that the extract from Hogweed exhibited higher α-amylase (IC₅₀=17.95 μg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC₅₀=13.69 μg/mL), ACE (IC₅₀=14.16 μg/mL), and Fe²⁺-induced lipid peroxidation (IC₅₀=81.58 μg/mL) inhibitory potentials when compared with that of Plum [α-amylase (IC₅₀=25.89 μg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC₅₀=18.36 μg/mL), ACE (IC₅₀=22.11 μg/mL) and Fe²⁺-induced lipid peroxidation (IC₅₀=107.54 μg/mL)]. These effects may be possible mechanisms by which these plants could be used in the prevention/management of TD2 and some allied complications such as hypertension. However, clinical and in vivo studies should be done to establish this claim.