Biomass accumulation and essential oil quality of geranium in geranium-garlic intercropping system as affected by levels of nitrogen application

In seven cropping systems and four levels of Nitrogen, paired planting produced significantly higher biomass and oil yield as compared to other cropping systems. Application of 160kg N ha⁻¹ was found suitable for higher biomass and oil yield. Garlic also responded well to Nitrogen. Quality of oil was affected by cropping system and paired planting recorded higher Geraniol and citronellol content. Citronellol remained constant, but Geraniol content decreased. Geraniol and citronellol content in the oil was more in the second harvest as compared to first harvest.