Molecular screening of Indian garlic genotypes (Allium sativum L.) for bolting using DNA based Bltm markers

In the present study, we screened 32 Indian garlic (Allium sativum) germplasm to identify bolting genotype using three mitochondrial DNA based molecular markers, P1, P2, and P3. In two different combinations P1+P2 and P1+P3. 1.4 kb amplicon was obtained with P1+P2 bolt marker in all the 32 screened accessions which showed the inherent ability of bolt with accessions and further needs to impose to intense winter. Further, the consistency of result was confirmed with P1+P3 mitochondrial DNA based marker which produces the amplicon of 3.7kb size, on the basis of nonsynchronization in molecular profiling, the whole population has been classified in two groups, i.e. bolting and not bolting based on presence or absence of both or one of them. Group- 1 includes 22 (656, 662, 663, 664, 665, 667, 668, 669, 675, GG- 1, GG-2, G-41, G-355, AC-50, AC-183, AC-316, SG-1, CG-1, Phule Baswant, Bhima Purple, Bhima Omkar, and AKG-2) accessions having the amplicons of both P1+P2 and P1+P3 markers 1.4 and 3.7 kb respectively which indicates chimeric gene arrangement. Group-2 consists of 10 accessions showing 1.4 kb amplicon with P1+P2 marker, including bolting genotypes (one complete, G-5 and nine, G-3, 654, 671, Ranibennur Local, Gadag Local, GG-4, G-282, AC-378, Godavari) hence it can be concluded that Indian garlic genotypes do not need chimeric gene arrangement for bolting. This is the first step towards the identification of short day bolted garlic in India.