The evolution of white-collar crime in India: Historical and contemporary perspectives

This research paper explores the evolution of white-collar crime in India, examining its development from historical origins to contemporary trends. White-collar crime, defined as non-violent, financially motivated offences committed by individuals or entities in positions of trust, has transformed significantly over time. The study begins by analyzing the historical context, including early cases during the British colonial period and notable post-independence incidents, focusing on the effects of economic liberalization. The paper then addresses contemporary trends, such as the rise of corporate fraud, financial crimes like money laundering and insider trading, and the growing incidence of cybercrime. A critical evaluation of India's legal and regulatory framework, including laws like the Prevention of Corruption Act and SEBI regulations, assesses their effectiveness in combating white-collar crime. The research includes a comparative analysis with international practices to identify strengths and areas for improvement. Finally, the paper discusses the economic and social impact of white-collar crime on investor confidence, market stability, and public trust, offering recommendations for enhancing preventive and responsive measures. This study provides insights into the dynamics of white-collar crime in India and suggests strategies for improving legal and regulatory responses.