The Millennium Project of the Foundation for the Future has undertaken a unique study to explore the factors that may affect the next thousand years and has written scenarii based on their potential trajectories. The celebrations around the world at the dawn of the year 2000 stimulated reflections on the past thousand years, but little on the next thousand. This article is intended as a contribution to motivate our longer-term thinking. There is no pretence that one can come close to describing what actually will occur between now and the year 3000. Instead, the research is a challenging intellectual exercise that highlights current factors that deserve greater attention due to their potential impacts on our longer-term survival.