This paper presents various security related issues in the Indian Ocean, which although regional in nature are crucial for geopolitics. Providing a background to Indo-Omani relations, it states that the two countries have been interlinked historically not only through culture and trade because the security equation has also made a significant contribution in framing the relationship. This paper further deciphers the historical roots of the cooperation and the emergence of security related challenges in the ancient, medieval and contemporary periods. Major agreements and memoranda of understanding, emerging contemporary challenges and the involvement of non-state actors in the Indian Ocean region are also discussed and include ethnic conflicts, military affairs, piracy, terrorism, etc.
